The spatial distributions and seasonal variations of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in surface waters were investigated for the German rivers Elbe and lower Weser, and the North Sea. Sigma PFAS concentrations ranged from 4.1 to 250 ng L-1 in the River Elbe, from 3.8 to 16 ng L-1 in the lower Weser, and from 0.13 to 10 ng L-1 in the North Sea. The most abundant compound was perfluorobutanesulfonate (PFBS) with a proportion of 24% in river water and 31% in seawater samples. The concentrations of perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in Elbe River water showed significant seasonal variation in 2011. The seasonal variations might be related to the variations of water discharge. The highest concentrations of PFOA and PFHxA were detected in August. Pearson correlations showed that perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) and PFBS had different sources from other PFASs, and the current manufacturing and use of C-4-based products could explain the distinction. The estimated fluxes of individual substances and Sigma PFASs in the River Elbe showed no significant seasonal variation. The annual fluxes of PFASs to the North Sea were estimated to be 335 +/- 100 kg year(-1) from the River Elbe and 102 +/- 22 kg year(-1) from the River Weser. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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机译：研究了德国易北河和威悉河下游以及北海地表水中全氟烷基物质（PFAS）的空间分布和季节变化。易北河的Sigma PFAS浓度范围为4.1至250 ng L-1，威悉河下游的范围为3.8至16 ng L-1，北海为0.13至10 ng L-1。最丰富的化合物是全氟丁烷磺酸盐（PFBS），在河水中的比例为24％，在海水样品中的比例为31％。易北河水中的全氟己酸（PFHxA）和全氟辛酸（PFOA）的浓度在2011年显示出明显的季节变化。季节变化可能与排水量的变化有关。 8月检测到PFOA和PFHxA的最高浓度。 Pearson相关性表明，全氟丁酸（PFBA）和PFBS与其他PFAS的来源不同，并且当前基于C-4的产品的制造和使用可以解释这一区别。易北河中单个物质和Sigma PFAS的估计通量没有明显的季节性变化。从北易北河到北海的PFAS的年通量估计为335 +/- 100千克年（-1），从韦瑟河的年通量为102 +/- 22千克年（-1）。 （C）2014 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。
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